Towards Detection of Cyberbullying in Hinglish Code Mixed Data

Covid-19 eruption and lockdown situation have increased the usages of online platforms which have impacted the users. Cyberbullying is one of the negative outcomes of using social media platforms which leads to mental and physical distress. This study proposes a machine learning-based approach for the detection of cyberbullying in Hinglish text. We use the Hinglish Code-Mixed Corpus, which consists of over 6,000 tweets, for our experiments. We use various machine learning algorithms, including Logistic regression (LR), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), to train our models. We evaluate the performance of the models using standard evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. Our experiments show that the LR with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) outperforms the other models, achieving 92% accuracy. Our study demonstrates that machine learning models can be effective for cyberbullying detection in Hinglish text, and the proposed approach can help identify and prevent cyberbullying on social media platforms. © 2023 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.

NEI 2022 Abstracts

The proceedings contain 96 papers. The topics discussed include: practical pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder in the age of fentanyl;can COVID-19 cause acute psychosis in pediatric patients? a case report;a survey of bullying experiences in a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic population;acute emergence of suicidal thoughts following Lemborexant initiation: an adverse reaction case report;assessing the unmet clinical need and opportunity for digital therapeutic intervention in schizophrenia: perspective from people with schizophrenia;rapid antidepressant effects and MADRS item improvements with AXS-05 (DEXTROMETHORPHAN-BUPROPION), an oral NMDA receptor antagonist in major depressive disorder: results from two randomized double-blind, controlled trials;targeting lncRNA NEAT1 impedes Alzheimers disease progression via MicroRNA-193a mediated CREB/BDNF and NRF2/NQO1 pathways;and impact of AXS-05 (DEXTROMETHORPHAN-BUPROPION), an Oral NMDA receptor antagonist, on Anhedonic symptoms in major depressive disorder.

Cyberbullying and the Faculty Victim Experience: Perceptions and Outcomes.

Cyberbullying affects US youth, adolescents, and adults and can occur in various settings. Among the academic literature exploring cyberbullying, most discuss cyberbullying of youth and adolescents within the K-12 academic setting. While some studies address cyberbullying targeting adults, a limited amount of research has been conducted on the topic of cyberbullying among adults within the higher education context. Of the studies that explore cyberbullying in higher education, a considerable proportion focus on cyberbullying incidents between college students. Less discussed, however, are the experiences of university faculty who have been cyberbullied by either their students, fellow faculty, or administrators. Few, if any, studies address cyberbullying of faculty as the phenomenon relates to the COVID-19 pandemic. The following qualitative study aims to fill this gap through examining the lived experiences of faculty victims of cyberbullying. Utilizing the theoretical lens of disempowerment theory, researchers recruited a diverse population of twenty-five university faculty from across the USA who self-reported being victims of cyberbullying. The study analyzes participants' interview responses to determine common experiences of faculty and overarching themes concerning cyberbullying in the academic workplace, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team applied disempowerment theory to support thematic analysis. In addition, the present article offers potential solutions for supporting faculty as they navigate virtual learning environments. The study's findings hold practical implications for faculty, administrators, and stakeholders in institutions of higher education who seek to implement research-driven policies to address cyberbullying on their campuses.

Did the prevalence of traditional school bullying increase after COVID-19? Evidence from a two-stage cross-sectional study before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has had a range of adverse effects on the behavior and mental health of adolescents globally, including bullying, anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the changes of school bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes in traditional bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic and reveal the related risk factors in Shantou, China. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Two samples of secondary school students were collected in 2018 and 2021 in Shantou, respectively. METHODS: Bullying history and risk behaviors of students were measured in the past six months. The χ2 test was used to analyze differences in baseline information and bullying types. The binary logistic regression with Forward LR method was used to analyze factors that affect the risk of bullying victimization and perpetration before and during COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 5782 secondary school students were included, 3071 before COVID-19 pandemic and 2711 during COVID-19. The prevalence of different types of victimization and perpetration all increased during COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Boarding, being a lower secondary school student (as opposed to upper secondary school), being male (as opposed to female), drinking, and playing violent video games were shared risk factors for bullying victimization and perpetration. Living in an urban (as opposed to rural and island) was a risk factor for perpetration. Smoking was a risk factor for perpetration. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the prevalence of bullying victimization as well as perpetration increased during COVID-19. It suggests that we need to pay more attention to traditional school bullying prevention and control in China in the pandemic context.

The decision to homeschool: potential factors influencing reactive homeschooling practice

While a controversial practice internationally, homeschooling is not uncommon in the United States' educational system. Although myriad reasons exist for choosing to homeschool one's children, a framework highlighting reactive versus proactive motivations has emerged to explain why some families choose to homeschool. Using prospective, longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten: 2010–2011 (ECLS-K:11), reports were gathered from 187 homeschooled children, their parents, and their teachers. Aspects of the ECLS-K:11 homeschoolers appear consistent with a reactive model of homeschooling. All ECLS-K:11 children initially began kindergarten in the traditional school system, but subsequently left that system prior to fifth grade to be homeschooled. When assessed shortly before leaving, these children were more likely to be absent and to have parents who did not endorse being very satisfied with their child's school compared to those who remained in the school system. Moreover, these issues appeared uniquely exacerbated just prior to departure from the school system. Additionally, although children who would go on to homeschool within the next year did not score differently on academic achievement tests than their traditionally schooled peers, they were more likely to experience bullying in the year before they began to homeschool. The ECSL-K:11's homeschooling sample is described, and conclusions drawn between it and literature descriptions of homeschoolers. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed, particularly given recent changes in the educational landscape. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Educational Review is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Workplace Bullying and Violence on Burnout Among Bangladeshi Registered Nurses: A Survey Following a Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: To investigate burnout among Bangladeshi nurses and the factors that influence it, particularly the association of workplace bullying (WPB) and workplace violence (WPV) with burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 1,264 Bangladeshi nurses. Mixed-effects Poisson regression models were fitted to find the adjusted association between WPB, WPV, and burnout. Results: Burnout was found to be prevalent in 54.19% of 1,264 nurses. 61.79% of nurses reported that they had been bullied, and 16.3% of nurses reported experience of "intermediate and high" levels of workplace violence in the previous year. Nurses who were exposed to "high risk bullying" (RR = 2.29, CI: 1.53-3.41) and "targeted bullying" (RR = 4.86, CI: 3.32-7.11) had a higher risk of burnout than those who were not. Similarly, WPV exposed groups at "intermediate and high" levels had a higher risk of burnout (RR = 3.65, CI: 2.40-5.56) than WPV non-exposed groups. Conclusion: Nurses' burnout could be decreased if issues like violence and bullying were addressed in the workplace. Hospital administrators, policymakers, and the government must all promote and implement an acceptable working environment.

Circular medicine. a paradigm of sustainability and resilience in education and professional development

Circular economy is a model of economic, social and environmental production and consumption, aimed to build a sustainable society in tune with the available resources. In the Brundtland Report, (1987, United Nations) sustainability it is defined as an approach focused on "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The European Medical Association (EMA), that has currently more than 50 000 members, is involved in the advancement of health, pursuing educational and professional goals addressed to the quality of environment, lifestyle and civil society through a circular medicine approach. This is a comprehensive strategy, integrating best medical practice, bioinformatics and molecular biology with economy, artificial intelligence and machine learning. Circular Medicine is the resilient framework linking all these topics with circular economy methods. Innovative possibilities of circular medicine are many: it is a comprehensive paradigm shift, countering a non-medicine based on simplistic algorithms with guidelines of insufficient effectiveness, reliability and generalizability, often passed off as innovative Artificial-Intelligence approaches. We launched in 2020 a still ongoing survey aimed at the dissemination of information and at a greater sensitivity of all our members and followers on these topics, striving to build circular medicine in the real-world. This position document is based on its preliminary results: 1. Studying and investigating the links among health, climate change, biodiversity, circular economy, robust Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning support are goals and needed practice suitable to be pursued by EMA and other medical and scientific associations. Circular economy will be fruitfully used in health facilities, including hospitals, with health professionals and life science researchers acting also in the role of influencers and opinion leaders. 2. The interventions based on epidemiology, environmental sciences, best practice in medicine, sustainable technologies and molecular biology, the pillars of a potential framework of circular medicine, need a robust bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence support. 3. Academic curricula and health professionals CME courses should provide stronger digital knowledge, reliable procedures trainings and expertise along these lines. Daily routine of clinical observation and participatory dialogue are key elements for the progress toward a culture, practice and accomplishments of circular economy and medicine. 4. Molecular biology, still the most innovative field of medical and life science, has a role for strengthening the pathways of the circular economy, as a reliable and resilient basis of "circular medicine." 5. The lessons of COVID19, the ongoing battles for healthier lifestyles dealing with nutrition, exercise and against alcohol and cigarette smoking, and the concept of smart cities are some of the cornerstones of the proposed strategy for a real-world circular medicine. Debunking interventions against the misuse of scientific and medical are means for the development of circular economy and medicine. Effective roadmaps, guidelines and grids for recognizing and counteracting the overlap of bullying, imposter's fear, insufficient expertise and knowledge, fake assertions and evaluations are actively developed by EMA's ad-hoc workshops. AI knowledge and skills should be implemented within innovative molecular biology and medical best-practice academic-CME curricula.Copyright © 2023 The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

How to Deal with a Bully: Debility, Non-Production, and Radical Care

This article examines how resistance toward capitalism's temporal bullying is performed in contemporary art and activism. It addresses the relationship between creativity, institutions, and empowerment. Building on the conceptual work of Croatian artist Mladen Stilinović (1947–2016), the article explores several aesthetic presentations of resistive temporalities we identify as non-production. The case studies of non-production herein marshaled affirm a performance of resistance that centers discussion of radicality in self-consciously interdependent care networks, ostensibly available to all disabled and nondisabled individuals. This care ethic claps back at the idea of self-optimization and fiduciary endurance amidst economic regimes of exploitation as virtuous. In the place of 'wellness,' this article affirms new directions in care and mutual aid, as premised on queer, crip, and feminist portrayals of disability praxis and pedagogy.

Workplace Bullying and Intention to Leave: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

Bullying at work and its impact on employees' intention to leave are the focus of this study. Specifically, this research aims to determine the link between workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion and the intention to leave. Data were gathered from 234 employees working in the Saif group of Pakistan through questionnaires. The study sample was drawn using the convenience sampling technique. The non-probability sampling technique was used because of the Covid 19 situation;as per government notification, only 50% of the staff was present in the offices. This study used SPSS V. 25 for direct relationships, Hayes model 4 for mediation analysis, and for model fitness, we used CFA (Amos 22). The results show that workplace bullying has a statistically significant and positive impact on the intention to quit and emotional exhaustion plays a significant role in mediating this connection (β=0.38***, SE=0.074, LLCI=0.3077 and ULCI=0.6176). Based on these results, we conclude that workplace bullying is a mayor cause of employees' exhaustion and compels them to depart from an organisation at some point. In light of these results, supervisors or line managers play a vital role in organisational sustainability by retaining skilful employees by making the workplace environment friendly and cooperative in the long run.

Anxiety and Depression in adolescents victims of Bullying after COVID-19 confinement. Longitudinal Study

The aim of this prospective longitudinal study is to analyze the effects that events related to the Covid-19 pandemic have had on the emotional state of adolescent victims and not victims of bullying. For this purpose, the scores obtained in anxiety and depression in and between both groups before, during and after confinement were compared. It has been found that during confinement measures in anxiety and depression increased among adolescents not victims of bullying, while they decreased significantly in those who were victims. After confinement and after the first school year on-site, anxiety and depression have decreased in the non-victim group and increased significantly in the victim group, moreover, while for the former these symptoms are strongly associated with concerns as a new social estrangement, for the latter they are associated with negative thoughts about the present and the future. © 2023 Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Ansiedad y el Estrés - SEAS. Colegio de la Psicología de Madrid. Todos los derechos reservados.

Intrusion Detection Techniques in Social Media Cloud: Review and Future Directions

As social media use increases, the number of users has risen also. This has increased the volume of data carried over the network, making it more important to secure users' data and privacy from threats. As users are unaware of hackers, social media's security flaws and new forms of attack will persist. Intrusion detection systems, therefore, are vital to identifying intrusion risks. This paper examines a variety of intrusion detection techniques used to detect cyberattacks on social media networks. The paper provides a summary of the prevalent attacks on social media networks, such as phishing, fake profiles, account compromise, and cyberbullying. Then, the most prevalent techniques for classifying network traffic, including statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, are addressed. The literature also demonstrates that because AI can manage vast, scalable networks, AI-based IDSs are more effective at classifying network traffic and detecting intrusions in complex social media networks. However, AI-based IDSs exhibit high computational and space complexities;therefore, despite their remarkable performance, they are more suitable for high computing power systems. Hybrid IDSs, utilizing statistical feature selection and shallow neural networks, may provide a compromise between computational requirements and efficiency. This investigation shows that accuracies of statistical techniques range from 90% to 97.5%. In contrast, AI and ML technique detection accuracy ranges from 78% to 99.95%. Similarly, swarm and evolutionary techniques achieved from 84% to 99.95% and deep learning-based detection techniques achieved from 45% to more than 99% detection rates. Convolutional neural network deep learning systems outperformed other methods due to their ability to automatically craft the features that would classify the network traffic with high accuracy.

The Development and Implementation of Online Video-based Simulation Training on Strengthening Pre-service Teachers' Competence in Bullying Intervention

COVID-19 has severely impacted the world since December 2019, and because of its highly infectious nature, many countries around the world have taken lockdown measures to prevent the virus from spreading unchecked, resulting in ramifications for higher education as many institutions have been forced to implement distance education. The question of how to develop a teaching method suitable for teacher education programs that place particular importance on practice in classroom settings warrants particular concern. Online video-based simulation training (OVST) as a teacher training method holds promise for addressing this issue by allowing learners to increase their opportunities to apply theory-based knowledge in real educational practice, reducing the theory-practice gap. OVST can also be distributed through online learning environments that offer easily repeated large-scale usage at lower cost to a variety of introvert/extravert learners through individual learning trajectories. In this vein, this study aims to introduce a method for developing OVST used to enhance pre-service teacher competence (by immediately intervening during school bullying, or CIISB) and clarifying the efficacy of types of OVST (with and without debriefing) on strengthening pre-service teachers' CIISB skills. A total of 98 pre-service teachers from four Taiwanese universities and colleges participated in this study that adopted a quasi-experimental design approach. Each of these pre-service teachers was assigned to one of three groups: OVST with debriefing, OVST without debriefing, and an OVST control condition, with a video-based instrument used to map pre-service teachers' CIISB-related perception, interpretation, and decision-making skills (PID skills). The results of a mixed-model two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that both types of OVST were more effective than the control condition in improving pre-service teachers' CIISB. OVST with debriefing was also more effective than the OVST without debriefing, suggesting that OVST with debriefing is a promising way to develop pre-service teachers' clinical competencies, while also offering a valuable resource for teacher education training methods, particularly when conducted under pandemic conditions.

A Precarious Future: Reflections from a Survey of Early Career Researchers in Archaeology

This article presents the results of a 2021 international online survey of 419 early career researchers in archaeology. Respondents were passionate about pursuing an academic career, but pessimistic about job and career prospects. Statistics highlight specific obstacles, especially for women, from unstable employment to inequitable practices, and a chronic lack of support. Over 180 open-ended comments reveal worrying levels of workplace bullying and discrimination, particularly targeting women and minorities. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career researchers is also examined. The survey's findings are analysed and contextualized within the international higher education sector. A communal effort is necessary to create sustained change, but early career researchers remain hopeful that change can be implemented. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Cet article présente les résultats d'un sondage en ligne conduit en 2021 à échelle internationale, auquel 419 jeunes archéologues chercheurs ont répondu. Ils tiennent ardemment à poursuivre une carrière universitaire ou de chercheur mais sont pessimistes quant à leurs perspectives professionnelles. Les statistiques révèlent des obstacles spécifiques, affectant surtout les femmes, tels que les emplois à statut précaire, les pratiques inéquitables et un manque chronique de soutien. Plus de 180 commentaires libres exposent un niveau inquiétant d'intimidation et de discrimination en milieu professionnel visant particulièrement les femmes et les minorités. L'étude considère également les effets de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les chercheurs en début de carrière. Les résultats du sondage, analysés dans le contexte de l'enseignement supérieur, indiquent qu'il faut un effort concerté pour produire un changement durable dans les conditions de travail des jeunes chercheurs. Ces derniers restent cependant optimistes quant aux chances de succès d'une telle initiative. Translation by Madeleine Hummler (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] Die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage, welche im Jahre 2021 auf internationaler Ebene 419 Nachwuchsforscher im Bereich der Archäologie befragt hat, zeigen, dass sie leidenschaftlich ihre wissenschaftliche Laufbahn verfolgen wollen, aber dass sie in Bezug auf berufliche Aussichten pessimistisch sind. Die Statistiken weisen auf bestimmte Hindernisse wie prekäre Arbeitsbedingungen, ungerechte Verfahren und mangelnde Unterstützung, besonders bei Frauen. Über 180 offene Kommentare offenbaren eine besorgniserregende Menge von Mobbing und Diskriminierungsfällen, vor allem an Frauen und Minderheiten gerichtet. Die Verfasser besprechen auch die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Nachwuchsforscher. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage werden innerhalb des internationalen Hochschulwesens bewertet und kontextualisiert. Es ergibt sich, dass eine gemeinsame Leistung nötig ist, um die heutigen Verhältnisse nachhaltig zu ändern;die Nachwuchsforscher hoffen jedoch weiterhin, dass solche Veränderungen erfolgen können. Translation by Madeleine Hummler (German) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Archaeology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Delusions and Fixed Beliefs in the Age of the Internet: When Do Conspiracy Theories Become Illness?

The internet, especially in the form of social media, provides an avenue for dissemination of unusual and fixed ideas. Recently, the role of conspiracy theories (CTs) in perpetuating myths about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has attracted the attention of mental health practitioners. While extreme CTs may carry some similarities to delusions and may occur in similar socioeconomic groups, some distinctions can be made in the clinical setting. There is little evidence that social media use or gaming with virtual-reality tools on the internet cause psychotic illness, although the internet does promote CTs. Nevertheless, individuals with psychotic illness are overrepresented among internet users and this may allow for greater exposure to unusual beliefs. Future immersive experiences on the internet such as virtual reality and the metaverse may present challenges for people at risk of developing fixed beliefs, but research will be needed on this subject. [Psychiatr Ann. 2023;53(4):171–174.]

Bullying and School Coexistence in the Return to Class of Primary School Students after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence Collected in Peru

Bullying is a public health problem widely discussed by both academics and education professionals. It is a permanent behaviour of violence that could be physical, verbal, psychological and even sexual, which discredits the victim and places him/her in a situation of fragility in his/her environment. The objectives of this research were to determine the levels of bulling (and its dimensions);to determine the levels of school coexistence (and its dimensions);and finally to analyse the relationship between bullying and school coexistence (and its dimensions) in an educational institution located in Cajamarca, Peru in the first year back to school after the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The study presented a quantitative approach, with a descriptive and correlational level, and a non-experimental design. According to the literature explored, bullying has 4 dimensions (physical bullying, verbal bullying, sexual bullying and psychological bullying), while school coexistence has 3 dimensions (inclusive coexistence, democratic coexistence and peaceful coexistence). The population consisted of 120 students in the sixth grade of primary education, of both sexes, from a school located in Cajamarca, in northern Peru. Two instruments were used: the school bullying questionnaire (with 56 items) and the school coexistence questionnaire (with 37 items). Both instruments showed validity and reliability after being tested. Among the results, it was observed that most of the schoolchildren presented bullying at low level (57.5%), followed by medium level (22.5%) and high level (20.0%);on the other hand, regarding the school coexistence variable, the low level was 36.0%, the medium level 53.0% and the high level 11.0%. Finally, it was determined that bullying is significantly related to school coexistence (p. < 0.001);as for the intensity of the correlation, it is negative and moderate (r = -0.551), the greater the bullying in school contexts, the lower the school coexistence in this space. © 2023 Ocupa-Cabrera et al.

The Influence of Sharing Fake News, Self-Regulation, Cyber Bullying on Social Media Fatigue During COVID-19 Work Technology Conflict as Mediator Role

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of Sharing Fake news, self-regulation, Cyber Bullying on social media fatigue during COVID-19 work technology conflict as mediator role. The current study uses quantitative with cross sectional design to examine the effect of Sharing Fake news, self-regulation, Cyber Bullying on social media fatigue during COVID-19 and suing work technology conflict as mediator role. The respondents were situation from different top sites, such as twitter, Facebook and Instagram sample of 132, and population of this study is 200 users were selected for this study, sample size is calculated through ROA soft. The dissemination of unverified information has been showcased as a significant challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of social media in this process is exemplified by its increased use during COVID-19, as, for example, a recent report shows that the use of Facebook hit record levels during the pandemic. This study revealed that potential mechanisms for counteracting fake news creating Facebook pages of real news and using this advertising to disseminate accurate information this paper will enhanced the understanding the effects of SMA, cyberbullying and self-regulation on mental health of individual through the use of social cognitive perspectives. To enhance efficacy in the role of social media in this process to reduce the gap between theory and practice, social marketers should include messages that empower recipients. Campaigns should show recommended behaviors and highlight their usefulness and effectiveness. This paper has been methodological as well as theoretical limitations, first using CLT might be regarded limiting even through it has been adopted in past studies that are based on social media. The primary concern is the cognitive load theory is still essential an instructional science theory even through it has been adopted, use widely in HCI & also shown to explain not only learning but also acquiring knowledge from new theories, articles might be more useful for conceptualizing fake news sharing. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Preventing Anti-Asian Acts in Schools with Culturally Responsive Teaching and Anti-Bullying Programs

The increase in hostile behavior targeted at Asian people is a concern that school districts must address. To respond well, educators need to apply effective methods for preventing this problem. One of the ways they can achieve this goal is by implementing a culturally responsive approach to teaching. Another involves using effective anti-bullying programs. This paper provides details about the importance of implementing these strategies to prevent anti-Asian attacks. It also provides several examples of anti-Asian incidents that occurred shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic began. A few historical events involving the hostile treatment of Asian people are included to provide a context for understanding this problem. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Clearing House is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Association of In-School and Electronic Bullying with Suicidality and Feelings of Hopelessness among Adolescents in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Suicide-related behaviors increasingly contribute to behavioral health crises in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. The problem was worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for youth and young adults. Existing research suggests suicide-related behaviors are a consequence of bullying, while hopelessness is a more distal consequence. This study examines the association of in-school and electronic bullying with suicide-related behavior and feelings of despair among adolescents, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, abuse experience, risk-taking behaviors, and physical appearance/lifestyles. METHOD: Using Chi-square, logistic regression, and multinomial logistic regression, we analyzed the US 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) national component. The YRBSS includes federal, state, territorial, and freely associated state, tribal government, and local school-based surveys of representative sample middle and high school students in the US. The 2019 YRBSS participants comprised 13,605 students aged 12 to 18 years and roughly equal proportions of males and females (50.63% and 49.37%, respectively). RESULTS: We observed a significant association (p < 0.05) between being bullied and depressive symptoms, and the association was more vital for youth bullied at school and electronically. Being bullied either at school or electronically was associated with suicidality, with a stronger association for youth who experienced being bullied in both settings. CONCLUSION: Our findings shed light on assessing early signs of depression to prevent the formation of suicidality among bullied youth.